JRAP #5
Coastal carbon fluxes and biogeochemical cycling
Lead: FMI (Lauri Laakso)
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JRAP#5 will exemplify how JERICO-NEXT can contribute to address the role and responses of the European Coastal Ocean and Marginal Seas in the global C-cycle, and to provide recommendations for a European integrated C-cycle monitoring. JRAP#5 will assess the sensitivity of biological and physical controls of air-sea C-fluxes. Reliable characterizations of:
- the biogeochemical C-cycles,
- the marine carbonate system, and
- consequent C-fluxes require high-resolution spatiotemporal measurements.
JRAP#5 will analyze the variability of sea-air C-fluxes and biogeochemical C-cycles, and will provide a mechanistic understanding on how marine biological and physical processes affect the C-cycle. A multiplatform approach will be applied in several European coastal and marginal seas to determine spatio-temporal variability and to analyze the sensitivity of C-flux estimates, thus increasing their reliability. The carbonate system will be studied as a whole to understand feedbacks and responses between the carbonate system and ecosystem, and environmental variables like temperature, radiation, mixing, and nutrients. JRAP#5 will characterize couplings between phytoplankton abundance, community structure, productivity, biogeochemical C-cycle and C-fluxes.
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Involved JERICO Infrastructure (short names)
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Marginal Seas:
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Baltic Sea: Utö Atmospheric and Marine Research Station (Fixed platform; FMI, SYKE) and Helsinki-Stockholm; Kemi-Gothenburg (Ferrybox lines; SYKE, SMHI)
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Mediterranean Sea: PALOMA (Fixed platform, CNR) and POSEIDON HCB & POSEIDON E1-M3A (Fixed platform, HCMR) and Heraklion-Athens (Ferrybox, HCMR)
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Coastal and Shelf Seas:
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Norwegian Shelf, Barents Sea: Bergen-Kirkenes (Ferrybox, NIVA) and Tromsø-Svalbard (Ferrybox, NIVA)
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North Sea: Cuxhaven and Helgoland (Fixed platforms, HZG); Oslo-Kiel (Ferrybox, NIVA) and Rotterdam-Immingham,Moss/Halden-Zeebruegge-Immingham-Moss and Cuxhaven-Immingham (Ferryboxes, HZG) Bay of Biscay, Western Channel: Western Channel Astan CNRS); Portsmouth-Santander (Ferrybox, CNRS).
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Work plan and specific links with other WPs showing JERICO added value
At all sites, the effects of biological and physical processes on C-biogeochemical cycling and C-fluxes from the sea surface layer to the atmosphere will be estimated by integrating physical, chemical and biological techniques especially focusing on those developed in WP3 (phytoplankton biomass, community structure, productivity and traits, together with carbon and alkalinity related parameters). The work is organized in 4 stages, listed here after.
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JRAP#5.1 (M1-12): in a preliminary stage current status of observations and methodology used by partners will be collected. The challenges of measurement ranges and system variability in time and space will be tackled in WP1 task 1.2 and conclusions will be applied in JRAP#5, taking into consideration the development work in WP3 such as new measurement techniques of primary productivity (FRRF; task 3.1) and the carbonate system (task 3.5).
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JRAP#5.2 (M12-M18): partners will prepare the intensive sampling period.
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JRAP#5.3 (M18-M30): data acquisition over a full seasonal cycle.
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JRAP#5.4 (M30-M36): data collected will be analyzed. At each site, the added value of using multiple platforms will be demonstrated through the analysis of spatio-temporal variability based on high-resolution spatial and temporal data.
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Expected results (outcomes to other WPs)
As a link to WP1, task 1.6, results from JRAP#5 will guide development of optimal observation network for C-flux studies throughout European sea areas. ICOS-OTC representatives will be invited to a dedicated data workshop which will focus on recommendations for setting up new approaches combining physical, chemical and biological observations of the carbon cycle, as well as data management procedures for C flux parameters (link to task 5.2 and 5.4 in WP5).
JRAP#5 will combine meteorological and oceanographic expertise in planning holistic and realistic future sampling strategy for coastal C-fluxes, providing estimates on how much new monitoring capacity and which new observations are needed to test and inform climatic models, thereby guiding a future joint European sampling strategy for C-cycle measurements using coastal observatories (link to task 1.6 in WP1). JRAP#5 will also allow for better constraining the links between biology and physics and C-fluxes in several sea areas. Quantitative knowledge on different environmental conditions will give an opportunity to give technical feedback for instrument developers on user needs (link to task 8.5).
This feedback will lead to improved commercial instrumentation needed for harmonized, reliable large-scale observation networks.
Deliverables:
Proposed deliverables are cross-cutting the 6 JRAPs, they intend to report the progress status and results during the whole duration of WP4.
D4.1 will report the topical scientific strategy of each JRAP, according to discussions and interaction with task 1.2 of WP1. (Month 9)
D4.2 will report progress following JRAP’s preparation (in lab and in field operations). It will also take care of gathering WP2 and WP3 outcomes dedicated to JRAPs (Month 12)
D4.3 will report progress following JRAP’s implementation. A specific attention will be paid to insure the data flows following the European channels according to standardization procedures set up in WP5.(Month 24).
D4.4 will report the first results of each JRAP, region per region. It will also show how results are delivered to WP8 and data to WP5. (Month 36).
D4.5 will report the final results, to valorise JERICO added value. It will also include a prospective chapter to propose monitoring and study strategies for future for each of the 6 topics. This will partly feed the task 1.6 (Month 43).
